Anal dysplasia

Anal dysplasia occurs when some of the cells in your anus or anal canal have changed. Dysplasia means that these cells look different from other cells. These abnormal cells aren't cancer. But they do need to be watched or treated. That's because sometimes the cells can turn into cancer cells.

In most cases, there are no symptoms from anal dysplasia. But sometimes people do have symptoms. These include bleeding, discharge, and itching in the anal area.

Anal dysplasia is found through a screening called an "anal Pap smear." During this screening, a swab of the area is taken and then examined. You may also have a test called an anoscopy. It allows the doctor to look at the inner lining of your anus.

If you aren't having any symptoms, you may not need treatment.

There are several ways to treat this condition. You may try:

• Medicines. These include trichloroacetic acid, fluorouracil, and imiquimod.
• Procedures that destroy abnormal cells. These include:
  • Infrared coagulation. This uses a high-heat infrared light.
  • Electrocautery. This uses low-voltage electricity.
  • Radiofrequency ablation. This uses radio waves.

Another approach to treatment is to examine the area every 6 months to look for changes. The doctor will remove cells if changes are seen.

After treatment, make sure to have regular screening tests with your doctor to look for any new abnormal cells.

Self-care focuses on going to all follow-up appointments and getting any recommended follow-up tests. If your doctor prescribed medicines, use them as instructed. If you smoke, try to quit. Having a plan and using medicines can help you quit. And let your doctor know if you're having any problems.