What is ascites?

Ascites is the buildup of fluid in the abdomen. The extra fluid can cause your belly to swell and make it hard to breathe. Ascites can be a complication of other health problems, such as liver disease and some cancers.

Ascites can make your belly swell. It can also make it hard for you to breathe.

Your doctor may ask about the history of your symptoms and do a physical exam. You also may have imaging tests. The doctor may also take a sample of the fluid in your belly with a thin needle. The sample is then tested to help your doctor find out the cause of the ascites.

Treatment for ascites may include taking medicines, eating a low-salt diet, and having paracentesis therapy.

Medicines

Diuretic medicines, such as spironolactone and furosemide, can help get rid of fluid that has built up in the belly and other parts of the body. These medicines can help both prevent and treat problems with ascites. Your doctor may prescribe a diuretic for you to take over the long term.

Low-salt diet

You may need to reduce your sodium intake by eating less salt. You'll feel better and will lower your risk of problems.

Sodium adds to the problem of ascites by causing your body to retain water. It increases fluid buildup in your belly as well as your legs and lungs. Aside from being uncomfortable, this fluid buildup can lead to trouble breathing, infection, and other problems.

You may want to visit with a dietitian. A dietitian can help you get started or find more ways to cut down on salt and eat a variety of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.

Paracentesis

Paracentesis is a procedure used to remove some of the fluid to help find out what is causing it to build up. It may be used if you:

• Have severe ascites that is causing extreme discomfort, including belly pain and trouble breathing. A one-time treatment may relieve discomfort before you begin treatment with one or more diuretics.
• Have not responded to standard treatment with diuretic medicine and a low-salt diet.

• Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you have any problems with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes.
• Eat low-salt foods, and don't add salt to your food. If you eat a lot of salt, it's harder to get rid of the extra fluid. Salt is in many prepared foods. These include bacon, canned foods, snack foods, sauces, and soups. Look for products that are low-sodium or have reduced salt.
• Do not drink any alcohol until you are all better. Alcohol will damage the liver more. If your liver disease is caused by drinking alcohol, do not drink alcohol at all. Tell your doctor if you need help to quit. Counseling, support groups, and sometimes medicines can help you stay sober.
• Talk to your doctor before you take any other medicines. These include over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
• Make sure your doctor knows all the medicines you take. Some medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), can make liver problems worse.