What are colds?
Colds are the most common infection of the nose, sinuses, or throat (upper respiratory infection). Colds are caused by viruses. They're spread by coughs, sneezes, and close contact. You can catch a cold at any time of year, but they're more common in late winter and early spring. There's no cure for colds.
What are the symptoms of a cold?
Lots of different viruses cause colds, but the symptoms are usually the same. They include:
- Runny nose and sneezing.
- Red eyes.
- Sore throat and cough.
- Headaches and body aches.
You will probably feel a cold come on over the course of a couple of days. As the cold gets worse, your nose may get stuffy with thicker mucus.
A cold isn't the same as the flu (influenza). Flu symptoms are worse and come on faster. If you have the flu, you may feel very tired. You may also have a fever and shaking chills, lots of aches and pains, a headache, and a cough.
If you feel like you have a cold all the time, or if cold symptoms last more than 2 weeks, you may have allergies or sinusitis.
How are upper respiratory infections (URIs) diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. This may give the doctor enough information to know if you have a cold, the flu, or another illness. In some cases, the doctor may test a sample from your nose, throat, or lungs to find out what's causing your illness.
How are upper respiratory infections (URIs) treated?
Most people can treat their symptoms with home care, such as resting and taking medicine to lower their fever. For some URIs, your doctor may prescribe medicine that can make the symptoms milder. People who have severe symptoms or get pneumonia need treatment in the hospital.
How can you care for yourself when you have an upper respiratory infection (cold)?
Home treatment for an upper respiratory infection can help you feel better. This includes getting extra rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and using a humidifier to relieve a stuffy nose. Follow the directions for cleaning the machine. You may decide to try a cough, cold, or allergy medicine for your symptoms. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.
Upper respiratory infection (URI) in teens: When to call
Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if:
- You have severe trouble breathing.
- You have rapid swelling of the throat or tongue.
Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:
- You have a fever with a stiff neck or a severe headache.
- You have signs of needing more fluids. You have sunken eyes, a dry mouth, and you pass only a little urine.
- You cannot keep down fluids or medicine.
Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:
- You have a deep cough and a lot of mucus.
- You are too tired to eat or drink.
- You have a new symptom, such as a sore throat, an earache, or a rash.
- You do not get better as expected.
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