Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a set of problems that may affect a child if alcohol was used during pregnancy. Alcohol passes from the placenta to the baby's blood. Even a small amount of alcohol can affect the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord.

FAS may range from mild to severe. A newborn with FAS may have low birth weight and may grow more slowly than other babies. FAS may affect the appearance of the baby's head, face, and eyes. The baby may have problems with sucking. This keeps the baby from getting enough nutrition.

FAS may cause physical or mental challenges that can last for life. Some FAS effects, like learning or behavioral problems, might not appear until the child is older. Treatment can help a child with FAS live a healthy life.

Signs of FASD don't always appear at birth. A doctor may be able to spot severe alcohol effects (fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS) in the infant at birth. Other effects, such as behavior or learning problems, may not be noticed until the child is in school.

Sometimes the doctor can find severe problems during the pregnancy. The doctor can use a test (ultrasound) to look for signs of FAS in a fetus, such as heart defects or growth delays. What may have caused those problems may not be clear. But the findings alert the doctor to any special care a child may need after birth.

There is no cure for FASD. But early treatment may help reduce some problems from the condition.

An infant born with FASD may be treated for problems from low birth weight. Some newborns may have special care, such as being in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Treatment for older children may include extra support in school. It may also include therapy, such as speech therapy or behavior therapy. Medicines can be used to help treat a mental health condition or behavioral problem linked to FASD. Parents can choose to take classes to learn more about how they can help their child.

• You may be concerned that your baby is getting lots of tests. All of these tests help your doctor keep track of your baby's condition and give the best treatment possible.
• Caring for a baby with FAS at home can take extra patience. Your baby may be very sensitive to touch, sounds, and light. Watch for things that can bother your child. If your baby is irritable, try soothing them in a darkened room. If your baby has problems feeding, give smaller amounts of food more often.
• Your doctor will give you instructions for caring for your baby. Be sure to follow all of your doctor's instructions closely.