Gum disease

Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that surround and support the teeth. It is also called periodontal disease.

There are two types of gum disease:

• Gingivitis (say "jin-juh-VY-tus") is gum disease that affects only the gums, the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth.
• Periodontitis (say "pair-ee-oh-don-TY-tus") is more severe. It spreads below the gums to damage the tissues and bone that support the teeth.

Healthy gums are pink and firm, fit snugly around the teeth, and do not bleed easily. When you have gum disease, you may see changes to your gums.

There are two types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. The symptoms are different for each condition.

Gingivitis causes:

• Gums that are red, swollen, and tender.
• Gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing.

Gingivitis usually isn't painful, so you may not notice the symptoms and may not get the treatment you need.

In periodontitis, the symptoms are more advanced. They include:

• Gums that pull away from the teeth.
• Bad breath that won't go away.
• Pus coming from the gums.
• A change in how your teeth fit together when you bite.
• Loose teeth.

If you think you have gum disease, see your dentist right away. Early treatment can keep it from getting worse.

To find out if you have gum disease, your dentist or dental hygienist will do an exam. During the exam, they will look for problems like bleeding gums or areas where your gums are pulling away from your teeth. You may get X-rays of your teeth to look for bone damage and other problems.

Early treatment of gum disease is very important. It can help prevent permanent gum damage, control infection, and prevent tooth loss.

For gingivitis, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help fight the infection. Your dentist may also suggest an antibacterial toothpaste to help reduce plaque and improve gingivitis.

For periodontitis, your dentist or dental hygienist may clean your teeth using a method called root planing and scaling. This removes the plaque and tartar buildup both above and below the gum line.

You may need surgery if these treatments don't control the infection. Surgery may also be needed if you have severe damage to your gums or teeth.

After surgery, you may need to take antibiotics or other medicines to aid healing and prevent infection.

• If your dentist prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.
• Brush your teeth twice a day, in the morning and at night.
  • Use a toothbrush with soft, rounded-end bristles and a head that is small enough to reach all parts of your teeth and mouth. Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months.
  • Use a fluoride toothpaste.
  • Place the brush at a 45-degree angle where the teeth meet the gums. Press firmly, and gently rock the brush back and forth using small circular movements.
  • Brush chewing surfaces vigorously with short back-and-forth strokes.
  • Brush your tongue from back to front.
• Floss at least once a day. Choose the type and flavor that you like best.
• Have your teeth cleaned by a professional at least twice a year.
• Ask your dentist about using an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce bacteria.
• Rinse your mouth with water or chew sugar-free gum after meals if you can't brush your teeth.
• Do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco. Tobacco use can cause periodontal disease.