What is encephalopathy from liver disease?
When the liver has been damaged, it may not be able to filter poisons from the bloodstream, especially substances in the blood produced by bacteria in the large intestine. As a result, these substances (which include ammonia) may build up in the bloodstream and cause problems in your brain called encephalopathy. High ammonia levels are a sign of encephalopathy.
What are the symptoms of encephalopathy from liver disease?
Symptoms of encephalopathy may include:
- Irritability.
- Depression.
- Changes in sleep patterns.
- Twitching of muscles or jerking movements of hands.
- Difficulty with word-finding.
- Poor short-term memory.
- Poor concentration.
- Confusion and disorientation.
- Coma.
How is hepatic encephalopathy diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. You may also have a blood test and take a memory test. Other tests may include an MRI, a CT scan, or an electroencephalogram (EEG).
How is hepatic encephalopathy treated?
Treatment may include medicine to treat any other problems, such as bleeding in the digestive tract. Your doctor will also likely prescribe a medicine called lactulose. It increases bowel movements. This helps prevent the buildup of toxins in the blood that may lead to encephalopathy. Make sure to keep taking your medicine as directed, because it can keep the condition from quickly getting worse. Your doctor also may prescribe antibiotics, such as rifaximin.
Your doctor also may talk to you about changes in diet. Certain foods may make symptoms worse.
If treatment doesn't help, then a liver transplant may be needed.
How can you care for yourself when you have hepatic encephalopathy?
There are things you can try to relieve your symptoms. If your doctor prescribed medicine, take it as instructed. Follow your treatment plan, including any recommended changes in your diet. Avoid alcohol, which damages the liver. And don't drive until your doctor says it's okay.
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