What is myasthenia gravis?

Myasthenia gravis (say “my-us-THEE-nee-uh GRAW-vus”) is a rare autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness and muscle fatigue.

In this disease,the body's own defense (immune) system attacks the muscle cells. Damage to the muscle cells blocks communication between the nerves and the muscles.

The weakness develops slowly, and it often affects the muscles of the face first. It may be hard to talk or to keep your eyes focused, and your eyelids may droop. You may find it hard to chew, swallow, or breathe.

The weakness often gets better when you rest and gets worse when you are active. You can start the day feeling strong. But after a little activity, you may start to feel weak.

This is a long-term condition. Anyone can get it. But it most often affects women under age 40 and men over age 60.

Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help treat the muscle weakness and muscle fatigue caused by the condition. Some of these medicines improve the communication between the nerves and the muscles. Others are used to treat the problem with your immune system. The medicines can help improve your muscle strength.

Your doctor may suggest that you have surgery to remove the thymus gland. It is a part of your immune system. Removing the gland may lessen the immune system's attacks on your muscle cells. It may also help you regain your strength. For some people, surgery can reduce the need for medicines.

There are a few more treatments your doctor may suggest. They act quickly, but they are not used for the long term. They can help you manage symptoms while other treatments take their full effect. Your doctor may also suggest them if your symptoms flare up.

• Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine.
• Some medicines can make your myesthenia gravis symptoms worse. If your symptoms get worse after you start a new medicine, tell your doctor.
• Make sure you are up to date on your vaccines. Ask your doctor which ones you need.
• If you have trouble swallowing your medicine, talk to your doctor about other ways to take it.
• Get plenty of rest. Plan your activities so that you have rest periods. It is better to go at a moderate pace with frequent rests than to be so active that you tire out easily.
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet.
• If you get double vision, talk to your doctor about wearing an eye patch.
• If you get tired while chewing, rest between bites. Try foods that are chopped, cooked, or softened. Eat several small meals throughout the day rather than 2 or 3 big meals.
• Avoid getting too hot, because heat seems to make symptoms worse.
• Consider joining a support group with other people who have myasthenia gravis. These groups can be a good source of information and tips for what to do. Your doctor can tell you how to contact a support group.