What is opportunistic infections?

Opportunistic Infections
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Opportunistic infections

Opportunistic infections occur in people whose immune systems have been weakened by a disease, such as AIDS. An opportunistic infection may cause serious, even life-threatening, illness.

Opportunistic infections that are common in people who have AIDS include Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis. Treatment for opportunistic infections depends on the type of infection and the original disease.

What serious health problems can happen when someone has AIDS?

Opportunistic infections and diseases occur in people whose immune systems have been weakened by a disease such as HIV infection. Opportunistic infections that are common in people who have AIDS include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis. People who have AIDS are also more likely to develop cancers such as Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma.

Preventing infections when you have HIV

In most cases, HIV causes only a few weeks of flu-like symptoms. But if HIV isn't treated, you're more likely to get sick with opportunistic infections. HIV weakens your immune system so it can't fight off these infections. Preventing opportunistic infections is an important part of caring for yourself when you have HIV.

  • Take your HIV medicines as directed.

    This helps your immune system stay strong so it can fight off other infections.

  • Have safer sex.

    Use a condom every time you have sex. This helps prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

  • If you inject drugs, use new, clean syringes and needles every time.

    Don't share injection supplies with others.

  • Stay up to date on all vaccines.

    This includes vaccines for the flu and COVID-19. Your doctor can tell you which other vaccines you need.

  • If your doctor prescribed medicines to prevent opportunistic infections, take them as directed.

    Talk to your doctor if you have problems such as missing doses or having side effects.

  • Take steps to avoid food poisoning.

    Having HIV puts you at a higher risk for food-borne diseases, so learn how to prepare and store food safely. For example, wash your hands before and after handling food. Don't eat raw eggs, meats, or seafood (including sushi). Wash fresh fruits and vegetables well.

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