Subdural hematoma
A subdural hematoma is an increase in pressure within the skull that happens when blood collects in the space between the skull and the brain. The bleeding is usually caused by torn veins in the brain following a head injury.
Symptoms of a subdural hematoma, which can develop rapidly or slowly, include:
- Severe headache.
- Confusion.
- Seizures.
- Loss of motor function, such as the ability to walk normally.
If the bleeding is severe, symptoms may develop within minutes or hours. In babies, one or both of the two soft spots on the head (fontanelles) bulge.
If the bleeding is minimal, symptoms may not develop for weeks. Even after the bleeding has stopped and the blood has clotted, fluid from surrounding tissues can be absorbed into the space, slowly increasing the pressure within the skull.
How can you care for a subdural hematoma?
For an acute hematoma
- Follow your doctor's instructions. The doctor will tell you if you need someone to watch you closely for the next 24 hours or longer.
For a chronic hematoma
- Get plenty of sleep at night, and take it easy during the day. Rest is the best way to recover.
- Avoid activities that are physically or mentally demanding. These include housework, exercise, paperwork, video games, text messaging, and using the computer. You may need to change your work or school schedule for a while.
- Return to your normal activities slowly. Do not try to do too much at once.
For either type of hematoma
- Do not drink alcohol until your doctor says it is okay.
- Don't drive a car, ride a bike, or operate machinery until your doctor says it's okay.
- If you take aspirin or some other blood thinner, be sure to talk to your doctor. The doctor will tell you if and when to start taking this medicine again. Make sure that you understand exactly what your doctor wants you to do.
- If you normally take medicine, your doctor will tell you if and when you can restart it. The doctor will also give you instructions about taking any new medicines.
Subdural hematoma: When to call
Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if:
- You have a seizure.
- You passed out (lost consciousness).
- You are confused or can't stay awake.
Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:
- You have new or worse vomiting.
- You feel less alert.
- You have new weakness or numbness in any part of your body.
- You have a headache that is getting worse.
Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:
- You do not get better as expected.
- You have new symptoms, such as headaches, trouble concentrating, or changes in mood.
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