What is thyroid eye disease?

Graves' ophthalmopathy, also called thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune disease that can occur in people with Graves' disease. In Graves' ophthalmopathy, the tissues and muscles behind the eyes become swollen. The eyeballs may stick out farther than normal. This can occur before, after, or along with other signs of hyperthyroidism.

Most people who develop Graves' ophthalmopathy have one or more of the following symptoms:

• Dry, itchy, irritated eyes
• A staring or bug-eyed look
• Sensitivity to light; watery, teary eyes; and a feeling of pain or pressure around the eyes
• Difficulty closing the eyes completely
• Double vision, especially when looking to the sides
• Pain when moving the eyes up and down and from side to side

Your doctor will examine your eyes and ask you to close or move your eyes. They may also test your vision and do color tests. You will also have blood tests done to check your thyroid. Imaging tests, like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may also be used.

Treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms are. Treatments may include corticosteroid medicines, immunosuppressants, radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, or eye surgery. You and your doctor will also work to get your thyroid level into a normal range. If you are a smoker, your doctor will advise you to stop. Smoking will make your symptoms worse.

To help reduce dryness and discomfort, you can use saline eye drops (artificial tears) during the day. And at night use an eye ointment or gel. Wearing glasses or sunglasses will help protect your eyes from light, cold, and wind. Raising the head of your bed at night will also help reduce your symptoms.

To help reduce dryness, you can use saline eye drops (artificial tears) and eye ointment or gel. Wear glasses to protect your eyes from light, cold, or wind. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. If you smoke, try to stop. Smoking will make your symptoms worse.